Winnunga Nitmmityjah Aboriginal Health Service- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWinnunga Nitmmityjah Aboriginal Health Service. Answer: Introduction Aboriginal health means the physical, cultural and social welfare of the whole community in which every person can achieve their full potential (Alford, 2014). The aboriginal population has been dramatically affected by poverty and drug use which resulted in the need for medical assistance in these Aboriginal Australian communities. According to Jongen (2014), the Aboriginal Health Service (AHS) controls health services at a primary level but also offers different programs that promote the right healthy lifestyle. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander MCH programs provide services that decrease pre-term births and improve infant birth weights. Winnunga development offering responsive and the required services which adapt to the essential needs of the local community (Jongen, 2014). History The late Olive Brown, a local Aboriginal, set up a temporary medical service in Canberra due to the widespread mobilization of people around the opening of the new Parliament House. It proved to be the birth of Winnunga Nimmityjah AHS in 1988. According to Alford (2014), Justin Mohamed associated with the Victorian Aboriginal communities before being elected as the head of the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO). In January 1990, Wayne Berry (minister), raised funds and in 1991, the clinic was opened officially at the Griffin Center as a 24-hour medical practice center. Winnunga Nimmityjah AHS has established a couple of centers and is currently at 63 Boolimba Cresent Narrabundah. Vision and Mission According to Fowlie (2015), the mission and vison of the healthcare service is to ensure further provision of smoking cessation services and provide on-going tobacco support services for women who are pregnant and young children. Furthermore, it provides health services that are culturally safe for the indigenous peoples and the surrounding areas. Winnunga's mission is to ensure the social and cultural needs of the indigenous people and surrounding region are given priority in a safe cultural environment (Hellsten, 2012). Services and Operations Winnunga Nummityjah AHS offers various programs and services on a daily basis to people between 80 to 120 and approximately 4000 clients per year (Hellsten, 2012). According to Lovett (2014), the services provided include nursing services which comprise a team of nurses who can manage various fields such as chronic disease, mental health and drug and alcohol. The nurses have an essential role in the treatment of chronic illness and mental health care plan (Lovett, 2014). Another services provided is by assisting families that have faced injustice issues, for instance, by getting community correction admission for the indigenous people (Bartels, 2010). Psychotherapy and cognitive therapies help the development of mental health care plans; therefore clients can have access to such services at the center. Moreover, they provide, womens health services which provide health screening for women which may include prenatal advice and family planning (Hellsten, 2012). The team also offers various services that benefit expectant mothers during the pregnancy period and after delivery of the baby. Moreover, the midwifery team provides prior, post-maternal care for expectant mothers and home care support for the community. In addition to that, the group of nurses works with ACT hospitals which assists in giving health care services between the hospital and Winnunga. Winnunga Nimmityjah AHS also controls some social health care programs and services which employ female and male counseling and support staff. Other services offered may include counseling and advocacy. According to Hellsten (2012), the social health team also takes part in community service aimed at promoting pride in Aboriginal culture. Winnunga also provides to health promotion services which include a diabetes clinic, an obstetrics and gynecology clinic, dermatology, physiotherapy, audiology and prison service. Membership Winnungas membership group consists of 81% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients and 19% of non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients. The healthcare service gives priority to men, women, couples, and children (Davy, 2016). Contacts and Location More inquiries can be made through contacting; Winnunga Nimmityjah Aboriginal Health Service 63 Boolimba Cresent Narrabundah ACT 2603 Telephone (02) 6284 6222 or fax us on (02) 6284 6200 Free call 1800 110 290 0r 1800 120 859 The link to the Winnunga Nimmityjah Location map: Winnungas working hours are; Monday to Friday from 9.00 in the morning to 5.00 in the evening. The organization also offers after-hour services, and a client can inquire for more information by contacting number is 1300 422 567. Issues and Challenges Funding issues are not uncommon in the Aboriginal Health Service organizations. In Winnunga, there is an acute accommodation crisis, for instance, some of the midwives have to share the same room since the number of rooms is limited compared to the number of midwives in the facility. There is also a similar situation when the nurses have to share the same place due to the limited number of rooms compared to the workforce present in the healthcare center. Other challenges include out of control rates of imprisonment leading to a problem of reintegration on release from prison for the indigenous people in Canberra. (Guthrie, 2014)).Another issue faced by the organization is the large numbers of children in care which increases its expenses. Ms. Tongs also stated that the increasing use of ice has led to relying on the police at least once a fortnight to help with a client. Impressions From my experience interacting with the Aboriginal community in Canberra, I have gotten the impression that this specific organization can relate with their clients, the majority being the indigenous clients on a more personal and context relevant level for instance, culturally. One of the released men also states that he appreciates the organization for giving him holistic care during his incarceration period and helped in the planning of his release. According to Churchill (2015), there was good midwifery care since there was cultural and community connection between the different women who had unique backgrounds. It has enabled them to have access to good health care during pregnancy, delivery and in reproductive needs. Conclusion Through the services that are being offered by Winnunga Nimmityjah Aboriginal Health Service as highlighted in this report, we can identify how the organization fulfills its mission and vision of providing culturally safe healthcare services for the indigenous people and surrounding areas. This healthcare service provider can provide this services through international integration and government funding which gradually continues to fulfill its duties to the community. Furthermore, the healthcare center offers proper care for women who need maternal care and ensuring that they are in a culturally safe environment. References Alford, K. (2014). Economic value of aboriginal community controlled health services.Canberra: National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation Press Club. Bartels, L. (2010). Research in Practice: Diversion programs for Indigenous women Churchill, M. E. (2015).Defining and Evaluating Cultural Safety at Seventh Generation Midwives Toronto: Exploring Urban Indigenous Womens Perspectives on Culturally Safe Maternity Care(Doctoral dissertation). Davy, C., Harfield, S., McArthur, A., Munn, Z., Brown, A. (2016). Access to primary health care services for Indigenous peoples: A framework synthesis.International journal for equity in health,15(1), 163. Guthrie, J., Levy, M., Fforde, C. (2014). Investment in prisons: an investment in social exclusion? Linking the theories of justice reinvestment and social inclusion to examine Australias propensity to incarcerate.Griffith Journal of Law Human Dignity,1(2). Hellsten, D., Hakiaha, H. (2012). Indigenous mental health in Australia and New Zealand.Psychiatric and mental health nursing, 109-121. Jongen, C., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander maternal and child health and wellbeing: a systematic search of programs and services in Australian primary health care settings.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 251. Lovett, R., Dance, P., Guthrie, J., Brown, R., Tongs, J. (2014). Walan Girri: developing a culturally mediated case management model for problematic alcohol use among urban Indigenous people.Australian Health Review,38(4), 440-446. Fowlie, C., Van der Sterren, A. (2015). Reducing smoking in the ACT among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who are pregnant or who have young children. Winnunga Nimmityjah Aboriginal Health Service: Planning and Delivering Services to Address Entrenched Disadvantages in the Aboriginal Community. Retrieved from: https://www.winnunga.org.au/uploads/docs/WNAHS_2017-18_ACT_Budget_Submission.pdf

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National Judicial Policy 2009 free essay sample

There has occurred a gradual deterioration in the law and order situation and parts of the country are experiencing militancy and violence, causing the displacement of hundreds of thousands of innocent people men, omen, children and elderly. These are difficult times. We face existential threats. But I do not think that the difficulties are insurmountable. We are a tenacious nation, have demonstrated, more than once, our strength and ability to face challenges. The lawyers movement for restoration of independent-minded Judges and supremacy of law/Constitution is a case in point. The movement for a grand cause was thronged by enthusiastic groups including civil society organisations, professional groups, political parties and students, etc. In the evening of 1 5 March 2009, the movement transformed itself into a mint-revolution. It demonstrated the agility and determination of the masses to stand by the Constitution and dispensation of power under this supreme law. It emboldened me to say today, that together we could face challenges and convert them into opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on National Judicial Policy 2009 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have full faith in the ability of the people to rise to the occasion and chalk out a future course of action, based on democratic values and constitutional principles. The restoration of 3 November (2007) Judiciary has ushered in a new era: an era of hope that political dispensation in the country and 1 governance shall be in accordance with the constitutional principles. The people of Pakistan have reposed great confidence in the ability of the Judiciary to redress their grievances and grant them relief. They have very high expectations of the courts to settle their disputes, restore their rights/entitlements and maintain peace in society by sending the guilty behind bars. I thank the people for believing on us! We must strive to meet their expectations. This is time to repay our debt to the nation. We could do so by addressing the perennial twin-problems of backlog and delays in the system of administration of Justice. To achieve the objective, we need to formulate new Judicial policy. I had asked the Secretariat of the NJPMC to prepare a framework of action for clearing the backlog and expeditious disposal of cases. The draft is before you. Let us examine it and evolve a strategy for the purpose. I want the active participation of all stakeholders of the Justice sector, essentially the members of the bench and the bar and also related agencies viz police/prison department and prosecution branch. The Policy that we ultimately approve would be one that has broad ownership. That is why extensive consultations have been carried out to get the viewpoint of Judges, lawyers, litigants and others. The Policy seeks to achieve its objectives, by efficient utilisation of existing resources. We have to operate by remaining within the given legal/procedural framework. The laws are indeed time- tested. Given earnest effort by the bench and the bar, I am confident of achieving positive results. However, keeping in view the gigantic effort new resources would be needed. We would be very economical in the utilization of the needed resources. I am confident that the Government will provide the requisite funds, as our effort is to strengthen the administration and improve governance. It is necessary for peace and ecurity, thereby spurring trade/commercial activities and foreign/local investment in the economy. This is how, the industrialised countries progressed. This is 2 how, we can move forward. We could achieve the results by establishing a society based on the supremacy of Constitution and rule of law. Our aim is to provide Justice for All. I thank the members of NJPMC for endorsing my proposal to celebrate 2009, as the year for Justice at the Grassroot Level. The key features of the National Judicial Policy are strengthening the independence of the Judiciary by its separation from the xecutive and ridding the courts of the menace of corruption, thereby presenting a clean and positive image of Judiciary. In the Policy, we have set high goals for ourselves. The goals are to initially reduce, and ultimately eliminate, backlog at the level of superior as well as subordinate courts, and further, to fix time frame for disposal of civil and criminal cases. The criminal cases will get priority on account of the sub-human conditions in which under-trial prisoners are kept in Jails. Writs for protection of fundamental rights i. e. right to life, liberty, equality, property and reedom of thought, conscience, association, etc will also be maintained on fast track.

George Washingtons First Cabinet

George Washington's First Cabinet The President’s cabinet consists of the heads of each of the Executive Departments along with the Vice President. Its role is to advise the president on the issues related to each of the departments. While Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution sets up the ability of the president to select the heads of the executive departments, President George Washington established the â€Å"Cabinet† as his group of advisors who reported in private and solely to the U.S. chief executive officer.  Washington also set the standards for each Cabinet member’s roles and how each would interact with the President. George Washington’s First Cabinet In the first year of George Washington’s presidency, only three executive departments were established. These were the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of War. Washington selected secretaries for each of these positions. His choices were Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, and Secretary of War Henry Knox. While the Department of Justice would not be created until 1870, Washington appointed and included the Attorney General Edmund Randolph in his first cabinet. Although the United States Constitution does not expressly provide for a Cabinet, Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 states that the President â€Å"may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.†Ã‚  Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 states that the President â€Å"with the advice and consent of the Senate . . . shall appoint . . . all other officers of the United States.† Judiciary Act of 1789 On April 30, 1789, Washington took the oath of office as America’s first President.  It was not until almost five months later, on September 24, 1789, that Washington signed into law the Judiciary Act of 1789 which not only established the office of the U.S. Attorney General but also established a three-part judicial system consisting of: 1. the Supreme Court (which at the time consisted of only a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices); 2. United States District Courts, which heard mainly admiralty and maritime cases; and 3. United States Circuit Courts which were the primary federal trial courts but also exercised very limited appellate jurisdiction. This Act granted the Supreme Court the jurisdiction to hear appeals of decisions which were rendered by the highest court from each of the individual states when the decision addressed constitutional issues which interpreted both federal and state laws.  This provision of the act proved to be extremely controversial, especially among those who favored States rights. Cabinet Nominations Washington waited until September to form his first cabinet. The four positions were quickly filled in only fifteen days. He hoped to balance out the nominations by choosing members from different regions of the newly formed United States. Alexander Hamilton was appointed and quickly approved by the Senate as the first Secretary of the Treasury on September 11, 1789. Hamilton would continue to serve in that position until January 1795. He would have a profound impact on the early economic development of the United States. On September 12, 1789, Washington appointed Knox to oversee the U.S. Department of War.  He was a Revolutionary War hero who had served side-by-side with Washington. Knox would also continue in his role until January 1795. He was instrumental in the creation of the United States Navy. On September 26, 1789, Washington made the last two appointments to his Cabinet, Edmund Randolph as Attorney General and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. Randolph had been a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and had introduced the Virginia Plan for the creation of a bicameral legislature. Jefferson was a key founding father who had been the central author of the Declaration of Independence. He had also been a member of the first Congress under the Articles of Confederation and had served as a minister to France for the new nation. In contrast to having only four ministers, in 2016 the President’s Cabinet consists of sixteen members which include the Vice President. However, Vice President John Adams never attended a single one of President Washington’s Cabinet meetings. Although Washington and Adams were both federalists and each played very vital roles in the success of the colonists during the Revolutionary War, they hardly ever interacted in their positions as President and Vice President.  Although President Washington is known as being a great administrator, he seldom ever consulted Adams on any issues which caused Adams to write that the office of Vice President was the â€Å"most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.† Issues Facing Washington’s Cabinet President Washington held his first cabinet meeting on February 25, 1793. James Madison coined the term ‘cabinet’ for this meeting of the Executive department heads. Washington’s cabinet meetings soon became quite acrimonious with Jefferson and Hamilton taking opposite positions over the issue of a national bank that was part of Hamilton’s financial plan. Hamilton had created a financial plan to deal with the major economic issues that had arisen since the end of the Revolutionary War. At that time, the federal government was in debt in the amount of $54 million (which included interest), and the states collectively owed an additional $25 million. Hamilton felt that the federal government should take over the states’ debts. To pay for these combined debts, he proposed the issuance of bonds that people could buy which would pay interest over time. In addition, he called for the creation of a central bank to create a more stable currency. While northern merchants and traders mostly approved of Hamilton’s plan, southern farmers, including Jefferson and Madison, vehemently opposed it. Washington privately supported Hamiltons plan believing that it would give much needed financial support to the new nation. Jefferson, however, was instrumental in creating a compromise whereby he would convince the Southern-based Congressmen to support Hamilton’s financial plan in exchange for moving the US Capital city from Philadelphia to a Southern location. President Washington would help choose its location on the Potomac River due to its proximity to Washington’s Mount Vernon estate. This would later be known as Washington, D.C. which has been the nation’s capital ever since. As a side note, Thomas Jefferson was the very first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. in March 1801 which at the time was a swampy location near the Potomac with a population that numbered around 5000 people.